Changes between Version 3 and Version 4 of TracStandalone
- Timestamp:
- 2015-04-20T20:49:42+02:00 (10 years ago)
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TracStandalone
v3 v4 1 = Tracd =1 = Tracd 2 2 3 3 Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server. 4 4 It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer. 5 5 6 == Pros ==6 == Pros 7 7 8 8 * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server. … … 10 10 * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin). 11 11 12 == Cons ==12 == Cons 13 13 14 14 * Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd. 15 15 * No native HTTPS support: [http://www.rickk.com/sslwrap/ sslwrap] can be used instead, 16 or [ http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.17 18 == Usage examples ==16 or [trac:wiki:STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy. 17 18 == Usage examples 19 19 20 20 A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/) 21 {{{ 21 {{{#!sh 22 22 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project 23 23 }}} 24 Stric ly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use ''--hostname''option.25 {{{ 24 Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use the `--hostname` option. 25 {{{#!sh 26 26 $ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project 27 27 }}} 28 28 With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/) 29 {{{ 29 {{{#!sh 30 30 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2 31 31 }}} … … 35 35 36 36 An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the `-e` option. The example above could be rewritten: 37 {{{ 37 {{{#!sh 38 38 $ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to 39 39 }}} 40 40 41 To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use {{{CTRL-BREAK}}} -- using {{{CTRL-C}}}will leave a Python process running in the background.42 43 == Installing as a Windows Service ==44 45 === Option 1 ===41 To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use `CTRL-BREAK` -- using `CTRL-C` will leave a Python process running in the background. 42 43 == Installing as a Windows Service 44 45 === Option 1 46 46 To install as a Windows service, get the [http://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run: 47 {{{ 47 {{{#!cmd 48 48 C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe 49 49 reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py\" <your tracd parameters>" … … 54 54 55 55 If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do: 56 {{{ 56 {{{#!cmd 57 57 sc config tracd start= auto 58 58 }}} … … 60 60 The spacing here is important. 61 61 62 {{{#!div 63 Once the service is installed, it might be simpler to run the Registry Editor rather than use the `reg add` command documented above. Navigate to:[[BR]] 64 `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters` 65 66 Three (string) parameters are provided: 67 ||!AppDirectory ||C:\Python26\ || 68 ||Application ||python.exe || 69 ||!AppParameters ||scripts\tracd-script.py -p 8080 ... || 70 71 Note that, if the !AppDirectory is set as above, the paths of the executable ''and'' of the script name and parameter values are relative to the directory. This makes updating Python a little simpler because the change can be limited, here, to a single point. 72 (This is true for the path to the .htpasswd file, as well, despite the documentation calling out the /full/path/to/htpasswd; however, you may not wish to store that file under the Python directory.) 73 }}} 74 62 75 For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [http://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run: 63 {{{ 76 {{{#!cmd 64 77 "C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>" 65 66 78 net start tracd 67 79 }}} 68 80 69 === Option 2 ===81 === Option 2 70 82 71 83 Use [http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [http://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service. 72 84 73 == Using Authentication == 74 75 Using tracd with Apache .htpasswd files: 76 77 To create a .htpasswd file using htpasswd: 78 79 {{{ 80 $ htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username 81 }}} 82 then for additional users: 83 {{{ 84 $ htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2 85 }}} 86 then for starting the tracd (on windows skip the "=" after --basic-auth): 87 {{{ 88 tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth=environmentname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,/fullpath/environmentname /fullpath/environmentname 89 }}} 90 91 `environmentname` is the directory name of the Trac project folder, as opposed to `/fullpath/environmentname` which is the full path to the Trac project folder. See below for another example. 92 93 Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. The default is to use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the examples below. (You must still specify a dialogic "realm", which can be an empty string by trailing the BASICAUTH with a comma.) 94 95 ''Support for Basic authentication was added in version 0.9.'' 96 97 The general format for using authentication is (replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` if you want to use Basic auth): 98 99 {{{ 85 === Option 3 86 87 also cygwin's cygrunsrv.exe can be used: 88 {{{#!sh 89 $ cygrunsrv --install tracd --path /cygdrive/c/Python27/Scripts/tracd.exe --args '--port 8000 --env-parent-dir E:\IssueTrackers\Trac\Projects' 90 $ net start tracd 91 }}} 92 93 == Using Authentication 94 95 Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (htpasswd and htdigest) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without htpasswd or htdigest; see below for alternatives) 96 97 Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux) may go undetected. 98 99 Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the command line. 100 101 The general format for using authentication is: 102 {{{#!sh 100 103 $ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path 101 104 }}} 102 103 105 where: 104 105 106 * '''base_project_dir''': the base directory of the project specified as follows: 106 107 * when serving multiple projects: ''relative'' to the `project_path` … … 111 112 * '''project_path''': path of the project 112 113 114 * **`--auth`** in the above means use Digest authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` if you want to use Basic auth. Although Basic authentication does not require a "realm", the command parser does, so the second comma is required, followed directly by the closing quote for an empty realm name. 115 113 116 Examples: 114 117 115 {{{ 118 {{{#!sh 116 119 $ tracd -p 8080 \ 117 120 --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1 … … 119 122 120 123 Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project: 121 {{{ 124 {{{#!sh 122 125 $ tracd -p 8080 \ 123 126 --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \ … … 127 130 128 131 Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name: 129 {{{ 132 {{{#!sh 130 133 $ tracd -p 8080 \ 131 134 --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \ … … 133 136 }}} 134 137 135 === Using a htpasswd password file ===138 === Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file 136 139 This section describes how to use `tracd` with Apache .htpasswd files. 137 140 141 Note: It is necessary (at least with Python 2.6) to install the fcrypt package in order to 142 decode some htpasswd formats. Trac source code attempt an `import crypt` first, but there 143 is no such package for Python 2.6. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0) work without this module. 144 138 145 To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's `htpasswd` command (see [#GeneratingPasswordsWithoutApache below] for a method to create these files without using Apache): 139 140 {{{ 146 {{{#!sh 141 147 $ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username 142 148 }}} 143 149 then for additional users: 144 {{{ 150 {{{#!sh 145 151 $ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2 146 152 }}} 147 153 148 154 Then to start `tracd` run something like this: 149 150 {{{ 155 {{{#!sh 151 156 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="projectdirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname 152 157 }}} 153 158 154 159 For example: 155 156 {{{ 160 {{{#!sh 157 161 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv 158 162 }}} 159 160 163 ''Note:'' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD). 161 164 162 === Using a htdigest password file ===165 === Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file 163 166 164 167 If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions. You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create. For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file. 165 168 166 Note that you can start tracd without the --auth argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error. 167 168 === Generating Passwords Without Apache === 169 170 If you don't have Apache available, you can use this simple Python script to generate your passwords: 171 172 {{{ 173 #!python 169 Note that you can start tracd without the `--auth` argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error. 170 171 === Generating Passwords Without Apache 172 173 Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`. Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd ; Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5. 174 175 You can use this simple Python script to generate a '''digest''' password file: 176 177 {{{#!python 174 178 from optparse import OptionParser 175 179 # The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5 … … 202 206 }}} 203 207 204 Note: If you use the above script you must use the --auth option to tracd, not --basic-auth, and you must set the realm in the --auth value to 'trac' (without the quotes). Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py):205 206 {{{ 208 Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the `--auth` argument to '''`trac`'''. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py): 209 210 {{{#!sh 207 211 $ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt 208 212 $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name 209 213 }}} 210 214 211 212 Note: If you would like to use --basic-auth you need to use htpasswd tool from apache server to generate .htpasswd file. The remaining part is similar but make sure to use empty realm (i.e. coma after path). Make sure to use -m option for it. If you do not have Apache, [trac:source:/tags/trac-0.11/contrib/htpasswd.py htpasswd.py] may help. (Note that it requires a `crypt` or `fcrypt` module; see the source comments for details.) 213 214 It is possible to use md5sum utility to generate digest-password file using such method: 215 ==== Using `md5sum` 216 It is possible to use `md5sum` utility to generate digest-password file: 215 217 {{{ 216 $ printf "${user}:trac:${password}" | md5sum - >>user.htdigest 217 }}} 218 and manually delete " -" from the end and add "${user}:trac:" to the start of line from 'to-file'. 219 220 == Tips == 221 222 === Serving static content === 218 user= 219 realm= 220 password= 221 path_to_file= 222 echo ${user}:${realm}:$(printf "${user}:${realm}:${password}" | md5sum - | sed -e 's/\s\+-//') > ${path_to_file} 223 }}} 224 225 == Reference 226 227 Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd --help`): 228 {{{ 229 Usage: tracd [options] [projenv] ... 230 231 Options: 232 --version show program's version number and exit 233 -h, --help show this help message and exit 234 -a DIGESTAUTH, --auth=DIGESTAUTH 235 [projectdir],[htdigest_file],[realm] 236 --basic-auth=BASICAUTH 237 [projectdir],[htpasswd_file],[realm] 238 -p PORT, --port=PORT the port number to bind to 239 -b HOSTNAME, --hostname=HOSTNAME 240 the host name or IP address to bind to 241 --protocol=PROTOCOL http|scgi|ajp|fcgi 242 -q, --unquote unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using ajp) 243 --http10 use HTTP/1.0 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.1 244 --http11 use HTTP/1.1 protocol version (default) 245 -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir=PARENTDIR 246 parent directory of the project environments 247 --base-path=BASE_PATH 248 the initial portion of the request URL's "path" 249 -r, --auto-reload restart automatically when sources are modified 250 -s, --single-env only serve a single project without the project list 251 -d, --daemonize run in the background as a daemon 252 --pidfile=PIDFILE when daemonizing, file to which to write pid 253 --umask=MASK when daemonizing, file mode creation mask to use, in 254 octal notation (default 022) 255 --group=GROUP the group to run as 256 --user=USER the user to run as 257 }}} 258 259 Use the -d option so that tracd doesn't hang if you close the terminal window where tracd was started. 260 261 == Tips 262 263 === Serving static content 223 264 224 265 If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project, … … 231 272 Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file, 232 273 the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`, 233 which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax). 234 235 ''Support for `htdocs:` TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10'' 236 237 === Using apache rewrite rules === 238 In some situations when you choose to use tracd behind apache, you might experience issues with redirects, like being redirected to URLs with the wrong host or protocol. In this case (and only in this case), setting the `[trac] use_base_url_for_redirect` to `true` can help, as this will force Trac to use the value of `[trac] base_url` for doing the redirects. 239 240 === Serving a different base path than / === 274 which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax). 275 276 === Using tracd behind a proxy 277 278 In some situations when you choose to use tracd behind Apache or another web server. 279 280 In this situation, you might experience issues with redirects, like being redirected to URLs with the wrong host or protocol. In this case (and only in this case), setting the `[trac] use_base_url_for_redirect` to `true` can help, as this will force Trac to use the value of `[trac] base_url` for doing the redirects. 281 282 If you're using the AJP protocol to connect with `tracd` (which is possible if you have flup installed), then you might experience problems with double quoting. Consider adding the `--unquote` parameter. 283 284 See also [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp], [trac:TracNginxRecipe]. 285 286 === Authentication for tracd behind a proxy 287 It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using `--basic-auth`. There is some discussion about this in [trac:#9206]. 288 289 Below is example configuration based on Apache 2.2, mod_proxy, mod_authnz_ldap. 290 291 First we bring tracd into Apache's location namespace. 292 293 {{{#!apache 294 <Location /project/proxified> 295 Require ldap-group cn=somegroup, ou=Groups,dc=domain.com 296 Require ldap-user somespecificusertoo 297 ProxyPass http://localhost:8101/project/proxified/ 298 # Turns out we don't really need complicated RewriteRules here at all 299 RequestHeader set REMOTE_USER %{REMOTE_USER}s 300 </Location> 301 }}} 302 303 Then we need a single file plugin to recognize HTTP_REMOTE_USER header as valid authentication source. HTTP headers like '''HTTP_FOO_BAR''' will get converted to '''Foo-Bar''' during processing. Name it something like '''remote-user-auth.py''' and drop it into '''proxified/plugins''' directory: 304 {{{#!python 305 from trac.core import * 306 from trac.config import BoolOption 307 from trac.web.api import IAuthenticator 308 309 class MyRemoteUserAuthenticator(Component): 310 311 implements(IAuthenticator) 312 313 obey_remote_user_header = BoolOption('trac', 'obey_remote_user_header', 'false', 314 """Whether the 'Remote-User:' HTTP header is to be trusted for user logins 315 (''since ??.??').""") 316 317 def authenticate(self, req): 318 if self.obey_remote_user_header and req.get_header('Remote-User'): 319 return req.get_header('Remote-User') 320 return None 321 322 }}} 323 324 Add this new parameter to your TracIni: 325 {{{#!ini 326 [trac] 327 ... 328 obey_remote_user_header = true 329 ... 330 }}} 331 332 Run tracd: 333 {{{#!sh 334 tracd -p 8101 -r -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified 335 }}} 336 337 Note that if you want to install this plugin for all projects, you have to put it in your [TracPlugins#Plugindiscovery global plugins_dir] and enable it in your global trac.ini. 338 339 Global config (e.g. `/srv/trac/conf/trac.ini`): 340 {{{#!ini 341 [components] 342 remote-user-auth.* = enabled 343 [inherit] 344 plugins_dir = /srv/trac/plugins 345 [trac] 346 obey_remote_user_header = true 347 }}} 348 349 Environment config (e.g. `/srv/trac/envs/myenv`): 350 {{{#!ini 351 [inherit] 352 file = /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini 353 }}} 354 355 === Serving a different base path than / 241 356 Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is 242 {{{ 357 {{{#!sh 243 358 $ tracd --base-path=/some/path 244 359 }}} 245 360 246 361 ---- 247 See also: TracInstall, TracCgi, TracModPython, TracGuide, [trac:TracOnWindowsStandalone ?version=13#RunningTracdasservice Running tracd.exe as a Windows service], [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp], [trac:TracNginxRecipe]362 See also: TracInstall, TracCgi, TracModPython, TracGuide, [trac:TracOnWindowsStandalone#RunningTracdasservice Running tracd.exe as a Windows service]
